The Toyota R family was a series of straight-four gasoline automobile engines. Designed for longitudinal placement in such vehicles as the Celica and Hilux and in production from 1953 through 1997, usage faded out as many of Toyota's mainstream models moved to front-wheel drive. Overhead cam (OHC) versions featured a chain-driven camshaft.
Video Toyota R engine
History of the R family
R
The 1.5 L (1,453 cc) R family was produced from 1953 through 1964, and was originally manufactured at the Toyota Honsha plant.
Bore was 77 mm (3.03 in) and stroke was 78 mm (3.07 in). In common with new engines of the time, it was made from cast iron (both the block and the head), water cooled, used a three bearing crank, 12V electrics and a side mounted gear-driven camshaft controlling overhead valves via pushrods in a non-cross flow head (exhaust and inlet manifolds being on the same side of the engine). Induction was by a twin throat down-draft carburettor, the compression ratio was 8.0:1 and the total weight was 155 kg. An LPG version, the R-LPG, was produced for the last two years.
The R engine was the Toyota engine used in the 1958 Toyota Crown, the first model to be exported to the United States. Road & Track was unimpressed with the engine on its introduction, noting that it idled quietly but was "not capable of very high revolutions per minute."
Applications:
- 1953-1955 Toyota Super
- 1955-1956 Toyota Master
- 1955-1958 Toyota Crown
2R
The 1.5 L (1,490 cc) 2R family was produced from 1964 through 1971. It is a square engine, with bore and stroke of 78 millimetres.
Again, an LPG version, the 2R-LPG, was produced alongside the gasoline version. Production had been gradually transferred from the original Honsha plant to the new Toyota Kamigo plant in 1968.
Applications:
- 1964-Jan 1970 Toyota Corona RT40/RT46V/RT50/RT56
- Feb 1970-Jan 1971 Toyota Corona RT80/90/86V
- 1968-1971 Toyota Mark II
- Toyota Bus RH15B
- 1965-1967 Toyota Stout RK43/RK47
- Toyota Toyoace PK41
- Toyota Hilux RN10
3R
The 1.9 L (1,897 cc) 3R family was produced from 1959 through 1968.
When introduced it had a 7.7:1 compression ratio. In 1960 the 3R was uprated to 8:1 and the 3R-B version was offered from 1960 through 1968 with the old 7.7:1 compression ratio. The 3R-C was introduced to comply with Californian emissions laws. The 3R-LPG variant was made for the last five years.
Applications:
- 1963-1968 Toyota Dyna
- 1964-1967 Toyota Stout, originally 85 PS (63 kW)
- 1969-? Toyota Hilux
- 1967-1969 Toyota Corona (US)
- 1959-1967 Toyota Crown
- 1959-? Toyota Masterline
4R
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) 4R family was produced from 1965 through 1968.
Bore was 80.5 mm and stroke was 78 mm.
Applications:
- 1967 Toyota Corona (Japan)
5R
The 2.0 L (1,994 cc) 5R family was produced from 1968 through 1986.
An LPG version, the 5R-LPG, was produced from 1968 through 1983.
It was a 2-valve OHV engine. Cylinder bore was 88 mm (3.46 in) and stroke was 82 mm (3.23 in).
Output was 106 hp (79 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 125 lb·ft (169 N·m) at 3,000 rpm.
Applications:
- Toyota Crown: third through sixth generation (RS50, RS60/66, RS80/RS100, and RS110). Only with LPG for taxi use in the last two generations.
- Toyota Dyna RU10
- Toyota Stout RK101
- Toyota Toyoace RY20
- Aug 1981-? Toyota Corona sixth generation (RT131), only LPG with automatic transmission.
6R
The 1.7 L (1,707 cc) 6R was produced from 1969 through 1974. Output is 107 hp at 5,300 rpm. The 6R-B was produced those same years, while the natural gas powered 6R-LPG was produced from 1970 through 1973.
- Applications
- Sep 1970-Jul 1973 Toyota Corona RT84/94
- Jan 1972-Aug 1973 Toyota Mark II RX16V - 95 PS (70 kW)
7R
The 1.6 L (1591 cc) 7R was produced from 1968 through 1971 with a twin throat down-draft carburettor.
The 7R-B was produced from 1968 through 1969 with dual SU carburettors and higher compression.
The 7R-LPG was produced from 1969 through 1970.
The 7R was similar in displacement and technology to the 4R except the wider 86 mm bore and shorter 68.5 mm stroke of the 7R gave different power characteristics.
Applications:
- 1968-1970 Toyota Corona (RT41 sedan, RT53 hardtop, RT54 hardtop)
- 1970 Toyota Corona (RT82 sedan)
- 1968-1970 Toyota Corona Mark II (RT6x)
- 1968-1971 Toyota Corona Mark II Wagon (RT76D)
8R
The 1.9 L (1,858 cc) 8R The engine was produced from 1968 through 1973.
Cylinder bore was 85.9 mm (3.38 in) and stroke was 80 mm (3.15 in) with a five bearing crank.
It was also available as the 8R-D, dual SU 8R-B, EFI 8R-E, Californian-spec 8R-C and DOHC 8R-G.
It was a major departure for the R family. With a 2-valve SOHC head, it impressed contemporary reviewers - Road & Track praised its quietness and free-revving nature.
The Toyota upped the ante again with the DOHC (but still 2-valve) 8R-G, produced from 1969 through 1972. From 1969 to Feb 1971 it was known as the 10R, but along with a removal of the tensioner gear in the interest of quieter operation, it was renamed the 8R-G to reflect the decision that twin-cam engines were henceforth to be identified by a "-G" suffix. 4,931 twin cam engines were built, all installed in the Toyota Corona Mark II (RT72) 1900 GSS. The 10R/8R-G weighed in at 170 kg and as such was both lighter and more compact than its less powerful predecessor the 9R
Applications:
- 1970-1971 Toyota Hilux, 97 HP (72 kW)
- 1971-1973 Toyota Corona 1900 hardtop
- Toyota Corona Mark II RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop
- Toyota Corona Mark II RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop GSS (8R-G)
9R
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) 9R was produced from 1967 through 1968. Bore 80.5 x 78mm stroke
It was essentially a 4R with a DOHC head designed by Yamaha. The cam lobes activated the valves directly via a bucket over shim arrangement. This same arrangement was used on the 2M, 8R-G, 10R, 18R-G, 2T-G, 4A-GE and 3T-GTE engines (all designed by Yamaha).
Output was 110 hp (82 kW) at 6,200 rpm and 101 lb·ft (136 N·m) at 5,000 rpm. It was a 2-valve DOHC design with two Solex carburettors and weighed 174 kg. A total of 2,229 9R engines were built.
Applications:
- Toyota Corona RT55 Corona 1600 GT hardtop
10R
The twin cam 1.9 L (1,858 cc) 10R was produced from 1967 through Feb 1971, when it was renamed the 8R-G. The later 8R-G version did not receive a timing chain tensioner in an effort to make it more silent.
Output was 140 hp (104 kW) at 6,400 rpm and 123 lb·ft (166 N·m) at 5,200 rpm.
Applications:
- Toyota Corona Mark II RT75 Corona Mark II GSS
12R
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) 12R was produced from 1969 through 1988. It was also built in the Philippines as the 12R-M, by Toyota's local affiliate Delta Motors Corporation.
Technical Specs (Finnish Owner's Manual from 1973 Corona Mark 1)
- Four cylinder, 4-stroke, OHV
- Bore × stroke: 80.5 × 78.0mm
- Compression ratio: 8,5:1
- Maximum power: 90 PS/5400rpm SAE
The 12R-LPG, was produced from 1969 through 1983.
Technical Specs : 1975 59KW 80HP redline 4,400 rpm
Applications:
- 1971-1978 Toyota Corona
- 1971-1972 Toyota Hilux
- 1977 Toyota Hiace
- 1975 Toyota Hiace Commercial Camper
- 1976 Daihatsu Taft (F20)
- Delta Mini Cruiser/Explorer
16R
The OHC 1.8 L (1,808 cc) 16R was produced from 1974 through 1980. Power output as mounted in a 1980 Mark II was 105 PS (77 kW) at 5,600 rpm, while a twin carburetted version produced 110 PS (81 kW) at 6,000 rpm. The 16R-B was produced for the first two years. There was also a 16R-J version for various commercial vehicle applications.
Applications:
- Oct 1975-Feb 1977 Toyota Carina RA10/16
- Toyota Mark II Van RX37V (16R-J), 95 PS (70 kW)
- Toyota Corona RT130/137
- Toyota HiAce RH12/14/17/41 (16R-J)
18R
The 18R series shared a 2.0 L (1,968 cc) block; cylinder bore was 88.5 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 80 mm (3.15 in).
The 2 valve, SOHC versions were as follows:
Applications:
- 18R/18R-C/18R-U/18R-E
- 1972 Toyota Corona 2000
- 1972 Toyota Corona 2000 MK. II
- 1972 Toyota Celica 2000
- 197X Toyota Cressida 2000/Gen1
- 18R-C
- 1972-1974 Toyota Hilux, 108 hp (80.5 kW)
- 1974-1981 Toyota Celica 2000
- 1980 Toyota Corona Liftback (Rt132 Australia)
18R-G
The 8-valve DOHC 18R-G and its variations were produced from 1973 to 1982, replacing the 8R-G and providing a performance engine which took advantage of the entire 2-litre limit of Japan's "small car" class. While most 18R-Gs had a head designed and made by Yamaha, a very few had Toyota heads. Yamaha's tuning-fork logo can be seen on the Yamaha heads. Except for the head and related timing components, most parts were shared or interchangeable with the SOHC 18R. Combustion chambers were hemispheric.
In 1975, air injection was added to the Japan-market 18R-GR for improved emissions. This used Solex carburettors. A fuel injected and catalyzed Japan-market version, the 18R-GEU, was produced from 1978 through 1982. There was also a catalyzed carburetted version, the 18R-GU.
Competition versions of the 18R-G and -GE include those used in rally Celicas of the period, one of which finished second in the 1977 RAC Rally. These had four-valve heads and were called 152E, they were of 89 x 80 mm bore and stroke and 1,995 or 1,998 cc (depending on the source). The Group 4 rally version of the 152E had two twin-choke carburettors, and developed 240 PS (177 kW) at 9,000 rpm. Higher tuned engines developed as much as 300 PS (221 kW) at 9,200 rpm. German racing team Schnitzer also developed a turbocharged silhouette racing version of the Celica, to take on the Porsche 935. With a KKK turbocharger, the Group 5 Celica developed 560 PS (412 kW) but reliability was less than satisfactory.
Applications:
- 1973-1981 Toyota Celica GT 2000
- 1982-1983 Toyota Celica GT 2000 (RA63)
- 1974-1983 Toyota Carina GT 2000
- 1978-1983 Toyota Celica Camry GT 2000
- 1973-1982 Toyota Corona GT 2000
19R
The 2-valve SOHC 2.0 L (1,968 cc) 19R was produced from 1974 through 1977. Cylinder bore was 88.5 mm (3.5 in) and stroke was 80.0 mm (3.1 in). Its dimensions are the same as of the 18R, but it featured TTC-V, Toyota's licensed version of Honda's CVCC stratified charge combustion system. Output is 80 PS (59 kW). The 19R was a short-lived experiment by Toyota, and was only offered in Japanese market cars.
Applications:
- 1974-1977 Carina RA13/RA31
- 1974-1977 Corona RT103/RT123
20R
The two-valve SOHC 2.2 L (2189 cc) 20R was produced from 1975 through 1980. Cylinder bore was 88.4 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in). Aluminum alloy heads were used.
Initial output was 96 hp (72 kW) at 4800 rpm (90 hp in California) and 120 lb·ft (162 N·m) at 2,800 rpm. Power was down slightly from 1978 through 1979 at 95 hp (71 kW) at 4800 rpm and 122 lb·ft (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm. The final version, from 1979 through 1980, was down again at 90 hp (67 kW) at 4800 rpm (still at 95 hp in Canada) and 122 lb·ft (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm.
Applications:
- 1975-1980 Toyota Hilux
- 1975-1980 Toyota Celica (U.S. Version)
- 1975-1980 Toyota Corona (U.S. Version)
- Toyota Stout (RK110/111)
- Toyota Coaster (RB11)
21R
The 2-valve SOHC 2.0 L (1,972 cc) 21R was produced from 1978 through 1987.
Cylinder bore was 84 mm (3.31 in) and stroke was 89 mm (3.5 in).
Output in 1978, constrained by emissions, was 105 hp (78 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 116 lb·ft (157 N·m) at 3,600 rpm. Air injection and emissions equipment for the 21R-C (1982-1985) dropped power down to 90 hp (67 kW) at 5,000 rpm. The air-injected Japanese version, the 21R-U, produced 105 hp (78 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 120 lb·ft (162 N·m) at 3,600 rpm but dropped to 101 hp (75 kW) at 5,400 rpm and 114 lb·ft (154 N·m) at 4,000 rpm in 1986.
Applications:
- 1978-1982 Toyota Carina RA46-A, RA56-A
- 1978-1981 Toyota Celica RA46-B
- 1981-1983 Toyota Celica RA60-B
- 1978-1983 Toyota Corona RT133
- 1978-1980 Toyota Cressida/Corona Mark II/Chaser RX40, RX41
- 1980-1983 Toyota Cressida/Corona Mark II RX60
- 1979-198? Toyota HiAce Wagon RH23G
22R
The 8-valve SOHC 2.4 L (2,366 cc) 22R was produced from 1981 through 1997.
Cylinder bore was 91.9 mm (3.62 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in).
Initial output was 97 hp (72 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 129 lb·ft (174 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
By 1990 the 22R was producing 108 hp (81 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 138 lb·ft (187 N·m) at 3,400 rpm.
The first fuel injected 22R-E engines appeared in August 1982.
Output of these engines is commonly rated at 105 hp (78 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 137 lb·ft (185 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
In 1985, the engine was significantly reworked, output was up to 114 hp (84 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 140 lb·ft (190 N·m) at 3,600 rpm. Many parts from the newer 22R-E are not compatible with those from the older pre-1985 engine. Non-compatible parts include the cylinder head, block, pistons and many of the associated parts such as the timing chain and cover, and water and oil pumps (although the oil pump internals are the same). These changes also affected the 22R, therefore one can consider the 85-95 22R-E as a fuel injected version of the 85-90 22R with only minor differences, if any.
Toyota swapped the dual-row timing chain used in older engines for a single-row chain with plastic guides in 1983. The new system reduced drag on the engine but introduced a new maintenance problem. After about 100,000 miles of operation, the chain may stretch to the point that the hydraulic-operated chain tensioner cannot take up any more slack. The timing chain then impacts the plastic driver's side chain guide, breaking it within a short period of time and creating a noticeable chattering sound in the front of the engine, especially when cold. If the engine continues to be operated without the guide restraint, the chain will vibrate excessively on the driver's side and stretch rapidly. The result is any of several failure modes.
First, the loose chain will reduce ignition timing accuracy, which usually results in noticeably rough running. Second, it may jump a tooth on the drive sprocket or break entirely, which almost always results in major damage to an interference engine. Third, the stretched chain can slap against the side of the timing cover and wear through the metal into the coolant passage behind the water pump, resulting in major damage to both the oil and cooling systems (sometimes mis-diagnosed as a head gasket failure). The damaged aluminum timing cover is difficult to repair effectively and is typically replaced after such an event. Aftermarket timing-chain kits for the 22R and 22RE typically include steel-backed guides that do not readily break even after the initial chain stretching has occurred, permitting the chain to run beyond the 100,000 mile point without further incident. However, some Toyota mechanics will recommend the plastic guides as they will break when the timing chain is stretched; When the guides break a noticeable chatter is heard from the timing chain slapping on the cover, warning the operator of a worn timing chain.
The turbocharged 22R-TE (sold from late 1985 through 1988) produced 135 hp (101 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 173 lb·ft (234 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
These engines are extremely well known for their durability, decent fuel efficiency and good low to mid range torque.
However, its weakness is high-end power. The 22R has a large displacement and a strong block, but its comparatively long stroke and restrictive head limit its use in high revving applications. Thus, the Toyota 18R-G, 2T-G, 4A-GE and 3S-GE 4-cylinder engines are better suited for performance applications.
A popular modification to the 22R is to use a 20R head. This head has smaller combustion chambers, giving a higher compression ratio, which then allows more power to be developed. The 20R head also flows better than the 22R head, which improves high RPM power. The 20R head is a simple bolt-on modification for the pre-1985 block, but also requires the use of the 20R intake manifold, making it impossible to use with the 22RE EFI system. For blocks 1985 and onwards, further modifications are required.
Applications:
- 22R
- 1981 Toyota Corona
- 1981-1997 Toyota Hilux
- 1981-1984 Toyota Celica
- 1991 Toyota Cressida
- 1981-1995 Toyota Pickup
- 1984 Toyota 4Runner
- 1984-1989 Toyota Land Cruiser II, Bundera
- 22R-E
- 1985-1995 Toyota Hilux
- 1983-1985 Toyota Celica
- 1983-1987 Toyota Corona RT142
- 1984-1995 Toyota Pickup
- 1985-1995 Toyota 4Runner
- 1989-1997 Volkswagen Taro
- 22R-TE
- late 1985-1988 Toyota Hilux, 135 hp (101 kW)
- 1986-1987 Toyota 4Runner
Maps Toyota R engine
References
See also
- List of Toyota engines
- 22R Tech Notes (Toysport)
- Toyota 20R engines: details and photos (Toyoland)
Source of article : Wikipedia
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